Which symptom is most commonly associated with testicular cancer?

The symptom most commonly associated with testicular cancer is a nodule or painless swelling in one testicle. Testicular cancer often presents as a mass or a lump in the testicle, and this lump is typically painless. This is a crucial aspect of the disease—many men may discover a testicular tumor during self-examination or while experiencing symptoms that prompt a healthcare visit. The painless character of the swelling is particularly notable because it can lead to delayed diagnosis, as individuals might not recognize something is wrong without the presence of pain or discomfort.

While painful swelling can occur, it is not as commonly reported or characteristic of testicular cancer as a nodule or painless enlargement. Lower back pain and frequent urination may happen in advanced stages of testicular cancer due to metastasis or involvement of the lymphatic system, but they are not primary symptoms associated with the initial diagnosis. The distinction between these various presentations highlights the importance of awareness in self-examination and seeking prompt medical advice if abnormalities are detected.