Which inflammatory bowel diseases significantly increase the risk of colorectal cancer?

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are both forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that have been widely studied and recognized for their association with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.

In Ulcerative colitis, the inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa can lead to dysplasia, which is a precancerous condition. The risk of colorectal cancer increases with the duration of the disease and the extent of colonic involvement. Routine surveillance colonoscopy is recommended for patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis to monitor for dysplastic changes and early cancer.

Similarly, Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but primarily impacts the colon, also poses an increased risk of colorectal cancer, particularly in patients with chronic inflammation and those who have had the disease for an extended period. The nature of Crohn's disease, including the formation of strictures and the potential for fistula formation, can complicate the clinical picture and contribute to a higher risk of malignancy.

In contrast, conditions like coeliac disease and gastritis are not directly associated with increased colorectal cancer risk in the same way as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Coeliac disease primarily affects the small intestine, and while