What does hyperphosphatemia refer to in the context of tumor lysis syndrome?

Hyperphosphatemia in the context of tumor lysis syndrome refers to elevated phosphate levels in the blood. Tumor lysis syndrome occurs when a large number of tumor cells die in a short period, often seen after treatment of certain cancers. This rapid cell death leads to the release of intracellular contents into the bloodstream, including potassium, uric acid, and phosphate.

The increased phosphate from the lysed tumor cells leads to hyperphosphatemia. This condition can result in various complications, including the potential for calcium phosphate precipitation in tissues, which can cause renal failure and other serious issues. The recognition of hyperphosphatemia is critical for managing tumor lysis syndrome, as it informs the need for interventions aimed at correcting the electrolyte imbalances arising from the rapid cellular destruction.